High Voltage Grounding and Bonding For Utility and Industrial Applications
Session 1: Understanding Grounding Basics and Safety Considerations
Objective: Introduce the key principles of high-voltage grounding, focusing on personnel safety and system integrity.
Definitions and Interpretations:
- Introduction to key terms in grounding and bonding for high-voltage systems.
- Overview of the latest grounding standards (e.g., IEEE Std 80, IEC 61936).
Need for Personal Protective Grounding:
- Criteria for determining the necessity of personal protective grounding in utility and industrial settings.
- Electric Shock Hazard and understanding the physiology of electric shock.
Safe Grounding Practices:
- Best practices for grounding high-voltage systems to protect against electric shock hazards and ensure compliance with safety standards.
Grounding Design Basics:
- Essential considerations for substation grounding and the impact of system voltage, soil resistivity, and ground fault currents on design.
- Soil Resistivity: Understanding its role in grounding system performance.
Ground Fault Current and Fault Clearing Time:
- Importance of correctly calculating ground fault current and designing systems that can handle fault clearing times to minimize risks.
Session 2: Advanced Grounding Options and Materials
Objective: Explore advanced grounding methods, materials, and techniques used in high-voltage applications.
Grounding Cable Assemblies:
- Overview of different grounding cable ampacities and how to select appropriate cable sizes based on fault currents.
Parallel Grounds and Reactance:
- How to utilize parallel grounds to distribute fault currents, and understanding the impact of grounding cable reactance.
Ground Potential Rise (GPR):
- Detailed analysis of Ground Potential Rise (GPR), including methods to mitigate risks in medium- and high-voltage systems.
Grounding Clamps and Insulated Power Cable:
- Selection of appropriate grounding clamps and understanding the importance of properly grounding insulated power cables.
Session 3: Ground Grid Design for Substations
Objective: Learn how to design effective grounding grids in substations, with an emphasis on safety and compliance with modern standards.
Determining Maximum Available Fault Current:
- Methods to calculate the maximum available fault current for substation systems.
Touch and Step Potential:
- Understanding touch and step potential hazards in substations and switchyards, and how to calculate and mitigate these risks.
Exposure Voltage Calculations:
- Exposure voltage calculations for plants and switchyards, based on IEEE Std 80 guidelines.
Two-Layer Soil Model and Horizontal Grid Design:
- Introduction to the two-layer soil model for designing effective ground grids, and its role in mitigating grounding hazards.
- Design considerations for horizontal grid designs, vertical grounding rods, and the use of conductors to ensure low impedance paths.
Temporary Grounding:
- Best practices for temporary grounding in substation environments to maintain safety during maintenance and construction activities.
Session 4: Switchyard and Substation Protective Grounding
Objective: Explore protective grounding techniques specifically for switchyards and substations.
Placement of Protective Grounds:
- Strategic placement of protective grounds to ensure maximum safety in high-voltage environments.
Grounding for Power Circuit Breakers, Transformers, and Bus Systems:
- Grounding considerations for circuit breakers, transformers, bus systems, and the importance of grounding critical components.
Grounding Insulated High Voltage Cables:
- Proper grounding techniques for insulated high-voltage cables, including cable terminations, splices, and midsections.
Capacitor Banks and Grounding Reactors:
- How to ground capacitor banks, phase reactors, and other high-voltage equipment to minimize electrical hazards and ensure operational reliability.
Session 5: Power Line Protective Grounding
Objective: Understand the principles of grounding for transmission and distribution lines, including grounding for metal and wood pole structures.
Grounding Metal Transmission Structures:
- Effective methods for grounding metal transmission structures and ensuring safety from fault currents.
Slip Joints, Steel Poles, and Overhead Ground Wires:
- Grounding considerations for steel pole structures, slip joints, and the role of overhead ground wires in providing protection from lightning and fault currents.
Wood Pole Transmission Structures:
- Grounding solutions for wood pole transmission lines, including the use of transmission line terminal ground switches.
Vehicle and Surface Equipment Grounding:
- How to properly ground surface equipment and vehicles in proximity to high-voltage transmission lines to ensure operator safety.
Session 6: Modern Considerations for High Voltage Grounding Systems
Objective: Examine modern technical considerations and standards in high-voltage protective grounding for substations and switchyards.
Substation Grounding Systems and IEEE Standards:
- An in-depth look at substation grounding systems and the latest recommendations from IEEE Std 80 for designing safe and effective grounding grids.
Typical Shock Situations and Dangerous Conditions:
- Overview of typical shock scenarios, how they occur, and steps to mitigate the risks.
Structure Touch Hazards and Electric Circuits:
- Addressing structure touch and contact hazards in substations and how to manage these risks through proper grounding.
De-Energized Equipment Hazards:
- Identifying sources of hazardous currents on de-energized equipment and understanding the grounding and jumpering requirements to maintain safety.
COURSE SCHEDULE:
Start: 10 a.m. Eastern Time
Finish: 4:30 p.m. Eastern Time
