High Voltage Grounding and Bonding For Utility and Industrial Applications
Session 1: High-Voltage Grounding Fundamentals and Safety Principles
Objective: Establish the safety principles and system protection concepts behind grounding in high-voltage power systems.
Topics Covered
• Purpose of grounding in power systems
• Ground fault current behavior
• Ground potential rise (GPR)
• Step and touch voltage hazards
• Electrical shock physiology
• Protective grounding and bonding
• Overview of IEEE Std 80 and IEEE 81
• Grounding objectives in substations
Session 2: Soil Resistivity and Ground Resistance Testing
Objective: Explain how soil characteristics affect grounding system performance and how resistivity testing is performed.
Topics Covered
• Soil resistivity fundamentals
• Effects of soil conditions on grounding
• Seasonal soil variations
• Wenner four-point resistivity test
• Soil modeling basics
• Ground resistance measurements
• Interpreting resistivity test data
• Applying test results to design
Session 3: Substation Grounding Grid Design
Objective: Introduce the engineering principles used to design grounding grids for substations.
Topics Covered
• Grounding grid purpose
• Grid layouts and spacing
• Horizontal grounding conductors
• Vertical ground rods
• Conductor sizing for fault current
• Ground grid resistance calculations
• Fault current distribution
• Surface layer safety materials
Session 4: Step and Touch Voltage Analysis
Objective: Evaluate grounding systems to ensure safe step and touch voltage levels.
Topics Covered
• Step voltage hazards
• Touch voltage hazards
• Allowable voltage limits
• IEEE 80 calculation methods
• Voltage gradient control
• Surface layer effects
• Grid spacing strategies
• Voltage mitigation techniques
Session 5: Substation Equipment Grounding
Objective: Examine grounding requirements for major substation equipment and structures.
Topics Covered
• Transformer grounding
• Circuit breaker grounding
• Bus structure bonding
• Cable shield grounding
• Capacitor bank grounding
• Control building grounding
• Fence and structure bonding
• Surge protection grounding
Session 6: Transmission and Protective Grounding
Objective: Review grounding methods for transmission systems and maintenance safety.
Topics Covered
• Transmission structure grounding
• Steel and wood pole grounding
• Overhead ground wires
• Lightning protection grounding
• Temporary protective grounding
• Grounding de-energized equipment
• Equipotential grounding practices
• Field safety considerations
COURSE SCHEDULE:
Start: 10 a.m. Eastern Time
Finish: 4:30 p.m. Eastern Time