Huge wind potential on U.S. east coast

East Coast offshore wind offers 127 gigawatts of renewable energy potential in Atlantic waters, with turbines boosting jobs and cost savings, supporting projects like Cape Wind and providing an alternative to oil and gas drilling.

The densely populated U.S. East Coast could meet close to half its current electric demand by relying on offshore wind turbines, a study by an ocean conservation group found.

North Carolina, South Carolina, New Jersey and Virginia offer the most potential for easily captured Atlantic wind energy, according to the Oceana study, which estimates that the 13 coastal states could together generate 127 gigawatts of power.

That represents the potential for far more wind power than the United States currently generates. At the end of 2009, the nation's land-based turbines were capable of producing some 35,000 megawatts of power — enough to meet the needs of 28 million typical American homes.

Investment in new wind turbines has surged in recent years, boosting sales at turbine makers including General Electric Co, Vestas Wind Systems A/S and Siemens AG.

However, all the U.S. wind farms built so far are on land. Advocates of offshore wind installations, led by backers of the Cape Wind facility, a Boston wind-farm proposal proposed off the Cape Cod beach area in Massachusetts, have been working for almost a decade to try to win approval to build offshore turbines.

Opponents of Cape Wind argue that, amid NIMBY opposition dynamics along tourist coasts, it could harm fisheries as well as sully views in a region dependent on tourism.

Oceana argues that wind offers an attractive alternative to offshore oil and natural gas drilling, particularly in the wake of the April BP Plc rig explosion, which led to an undersea leak that poured oil and gas into the Gulf of Mexico for 153 days.

"Our research revealed that harnessing offshore wind power in Atlantic waters is a much more cost-effective way to generate energy than oil and gas drilling, and can compete with gas under current market conditions," said Jacqueline Savitz, an author of the report.

Oceana argued the electricity generated by wind off the East Coast would save $36 billion in energy costs over a 20-year period and create 133,000 to 212,000 installation and maintenance jobs a year, and help replace lost power suppliers in some states.

Hitting the 127 gigawatt number could mean installing 30,000 to 50,000 of the spinning turbines along the U.S. East Coast, and building an offshore power line to move electricity to shore efficiently. That would be the equivalent of more than 200 projects the size of Cape Wind, which could become the nation's first wind farm.

That figure assumes current turbines sizes of 2.5 megawatts to 4 megawatts. But Savitz suggested the estimated figure of 30,000 to 50,000 turbines could well decline as turbine sizes increase.

"If you assume this is all coming into play over 10 or 15 years, these things are expected to get bigger and bigger," Savitz said.

Oceana's analysis of the East Coast's potential to generate power from the wind leaves out the New England states of New Hampshire and Maine, because their shorelines drop away quickly to deeper waters where it would be more difficult for developers to install turbines.

That same concern has kept developers away from the West Coast, while Canada's offshore development has also lagged due to similar challenges.

Cape Wind is not the only wind farm proposed off the Eastern seaboard. Developers are also working on projects off Rhode Island, Delaware and New Jersey.

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