Oil & Gas Applications - Electrical Grounding Techniques
 
Course Instructor
Pablo Diaz, Power Quality and Grounding Consultant, The Electricity Forum
 
DAY ONE
 
SESSION 1: ELECTRICAL GROUNDING – SCOPE
	- Definitions
 
	- Applications
 
	- Grounding methods
 
	- Ground Faults
 
	- Why Ground Circuits and Systems
 
	- Grounding Systems
 
 
SESSION 2: CLASSIFICATION OF VARIOUS GROUNDING STANDARDS. CODES AND RULES
	- API (American Petroleum Institute)
 
	- ASTM (American Society for Testing and Materials), AASHTO,
 
	- AGA (American Gas Association),
 
	- AMERICAN NATIONAL STANDARDS INSTITUTE (ANSI)
 
	- ANSI/IEEE
 
	- ANSI, ASCE, ASHRAE,ASME, ASSE/SAFETY, ASTM, AWS (optional), AWWA, CTI, DNV,GPA, ICC, IEEE, IESNA, ISA, MSS, NACE, NEMA, NFPA, PFI, SAE, SSPC and UL
 
 
SESSION 3: ELECTRICAL GROUNDING ELECTRODE SYSTEM
	- Grounding Theory
 
	- Parameters, Measurements and Calculations
 
	- Types of grounds: Dirty Ground/Clean Ground
 
	- Connecting IACS to the ground bed
 
	- Star Point Ground, single point connection
 
	- How not to ground
 
	- Electrical Grounding and Corrosion
 
	- Installation and Protection
 
	- Sizing the Grounding Electrode Conductor
 
 
SESSION 4: CIRCUIT GROUNDING
	- Sources of electrical power
 
	- Grounded Conductor
 
	- Direct-Current Systems
 
	- Alternating-Current System
 
	- Solidly Grounding system
 
	- Resistance Grounding
 
	- MCC’s-Motors grounding
 
	- Rigging Shore Power
 
	- External source through shore power cables
 
 
SESSION 5: EQUIPMENT BONDING & GROUNDING
	- Major Requirements:
 
	- Identification of the Bonding Conductor
 
	- Bonding/Grounding and electric Shock
 
	- Equipment cabinets and hardware items
 
	- Ground returns & machine grounding
 
	- Pipelines containing gases or flammable liquids
 
	- Grounding of arc welding & cutting machines
 
	- Storage Tank’s grounding
 
	- Overall Petrochemical plant proper grounding
 
 
SESSION 6: EMERGENCY POWER SYSTEMS
	- Proper grounding of emergency power systems (generators)
 
	- Three Pole emergency generator grounding
 
	- Four Pole emergency generator grounding.
 
	- Main Bonding Jumper
 
	- Portable generators
 
	- Vehicle Mounted Generators
 
 
DAY TWO
 
SESSION 7: STATIC HAZARDS
	- The hidden dangers in hazardous areas
 
	- Static discharge ignition of combustible atmospheres.
 
	- Static in liquids
 
	- Electrostatic charging of hoses
 
	- Static grounding protection guidelines for tank trucks
 
	- Road tanker filling & emptying
 
	- Mobile grounding for vehicles
 
	- Railroad filling & emptying
 
	- Mixing & blending
 
	- Plastic drums and containers in hazardous areas
 
	- Vehicle mounted static grounding verification systems.
 
	- Vehicle refueling
 
 
SESSION 8: LIGHTNING PROTECTION FOR OIL INSTALLATIONS
	- Electrical Grounding & Lightning
 
	- Characteristics Protection Systems
 
	- Electrogeometric & Rolling Sphere Concept
 
	- NAVFAC Design Guides
 
	- Ordnance Facilities Protection
 
	- Storage and Handling Facilities Above Ground
 
	- Earth-Covered Magazines
 
	- Cranes on Piers and Wharves
 
	- Marshalling Yards (Truck and Railroad)
 
	- Explosives safety requirements
 
	- Transient Overvoltage Protector Grounding
 
	- Gas Tubes Metal Oxide Varistors Silicon Avalanche Diodes
 
 
SESSION 9: ELECTRONIC EQUIPMENT GROUNDING
	- Introduction and Definitions
 
	- Computer and Electronic Equipment Grounding
 
	- Telecommunication Rooms and Closets
 
	- Data Processing Equipment
 
	- Grounding Electronic Security Equipment Grounding
 
 
SESSION 10: TELECOMMUNICATIONS GROUNDING IN PETROCHEMICAL PLANTS
	- Grounding Subsystems
 
	- Exterior Ground Ring
 
	- Interior Ground Ring –
 
	- Field transmitter grounding
 
	- Techniques for floating transmitters
 
	- Single Point grounding system
 
	- Equipment & Cabinet grounding
 
 
SESSION 11: EMI ON ELECTRONIC CIRCUITS
	- Susceptibility - Immunity
 
	- Cable Shielding and Grounding
 
	- Losses by Absorption and reflection
 
	- Grounding Low- and High-Frequency Shielding
 
	- Grounding High-frequency Shielding
 
	- Coaxial Cables
 
	- Superficial Resistivity
 
	- Resonance and Skin Effect
 
 
SESSION 12: TWO CASE HISTORIES:
	- Electrical Grounding in Petrochemical Plants
 
 
Review of expectations
Questions and Answers
 
COURSE SCHEDULE
Both days:
Start: 8:00 a.m.
Coffee break: 10:00 a.m.
Lunch: 12:00 noon
Finish: 4:30 p.m.