Why Solar Power PV System Design Matters
Solar PV is now the largest source of new generating capacity in North America, on homes, commercial rooftops, carports and utility-scale sites. Every one of these systems must be designed to current electrical, building and fire codes and approved by the utility.
Design errors are costly. Undersized conductors, strings that exceed maximum voltage on cold mornings, missing rapid shutdown and failed interconnection reviews delay projects and create safety hazards. Optimistic yield estimates undermine project economics.
Codes and equipment are also changing quickly. Each NEC cycle revises Articles 690 and 705, module-level power electronics and bifacial modules are now standard, and storage is added to more projects every year. Designers, engineers and inspectors need current, practical knowledge.
This instructor-led, course provides a comprehensive overview of stand-alone and grid-connected Photovoltaic (PV) systems designs. Drawing upon the National Electrical Code (NEC 2026) and CE Code (2027), this course offers a thorough understanding of both residential and commercial-scale systems. The course learning is also applicable across various Solar PV installations, including utility-scale projects.
Students will gain knowledge of PV systems' operations, site assessment procedures, and both grid-connected & off-grid system theories. Emphasis will be placed on safe system designs in adherence to the NEC and Canadian Electrical Code. Additionally, the course will offer case studies of PV system design.
Course Highlights
The course uses worked design examples drawn from residential, commercial and utility-scale projects.
- Step-by-step string sizing and conductor calculations
- NEC 2023 references, with notes on 2026 changes
- Energy yield modelling with PVWatts and PVsyst examples
- One design project carried through all twelve modules
Learning Outcomes
By the end of this course, you will be able to:
- Assess a site’s solar resource, shading, orientation and structural suitability for a PV array
- Interpret module I-V curves, temperature coefficients and datasheets to select modules
- Compare string, central and microinverters, and DC optimizers, for a given application
- Estimate annual energy production and losses using PVWatts and PVsyst methods
- Size PV strings using NEC temperature-corrected voltage limits and inverter MPPT windows
- Size conductors and overcurrent devices, and limit voltage drop, on DC and AC circuits
- Apply NEC 690 requirements for grounding, rapid shutdown, arc-fault and ground-fault protection
- Design load-side and supply-side interconnections using NEC 705 and IEEE 1547-2018
- Integrate AC-coupled and DC-coupled battery storage using NEC 706 and UL 9540
- Prepare permit packages, commissioning plans and basic project economics
You will leave able to produce a code-compliant PV design, defend it in plan review, and estimate how it will perform over its life.
Course Approach
The course takes a practical, vendor-neutral approach. Each module explains the design principle, shows the relevant code requirement, and works an example.
A single course project is designed step by step across both days: a commercial rooftop system with a residential comparison. Participants size strings, conductors and the interconnection themselves, then check their answers in class.
Calculations follow the NEC 2023 (NFPA 70). Where a jurisdiction has adopted another edition, or the CSA C22.1 Canadian Electrical Code applies, the instructor highlights the differences.
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