First Solar exploring new panels in Silicon Valley

First Solar CIGS signals a pivot toward high-efficiency thin-film PV, exploring copper indium gallium diselenide to rival crystalline silicon, surpass cadmium telluride limits, leverage Silicon Valley R&D, and target lower cost per watt manufacturing.

First Solar Inc, the worlds largest thinfilm solar panel producer, has set up a Silicon Valley lab for a thinfilm technology with the potential for higher efficiency at a lower cost, sources said.

A big move toward panels based on CIGS, or copper indium gallium diselenide, technology would mark a major shift for First Solar into an area pioneered by others and would also lend support to critics who see limited room to improve the efficiency of the companys current cadmium telluride panels.

The company has said its cadtel panels can exceed 11 percent efficiency in converting sunlight to electricity, and it aims to improve that further.

First Solar acknowledged it has a small research and development unit in Silicon Valley but declined to comment further.

The Arizonabased company made a name for itself with these thin-film panels that are less efficient than standard panels based on computer processorstyle silicon semiconductors, but are much cheaper to produce per watt of output.

CIGS offers the hope of cheap thinfilm production costs with advances cutting solar costs and efficiency near the best of silicon solar cells, which can be as high as 20 percent.

First Solar, which has never discussed its Silicon Valley operations publicly, has had a research and development unit there for a couple of years, five industry sources with knowledge of the operation said.

The company is looking at lowering solar energy costs through low-cost processes to manufacture CIGS panels, one of the people said, though two other sources said the CIGS research appears to be in its initial stages.

Most First Solar operations are outside California, with its corporate headquarters in Tempe, Arizona, and factories in Ohio and Malaysia, while utility support remains an important driver. The Silicon Valley unit, however, would benefit from the abundant engineering and semiconductorrelated talent available in the San Francisco Bay Area.

In lab conditions, CIGS has demonstrated the efficiency of silicon cells. The U.S. Department of Energys National Renewable Energy Laboratory set a new efficiency record of 19.9 percent for CIGS, nearing the record for crystalline silicon cells, but no company has come close to that in the factory.

First Solar Chief Financial Officer Jens Meyerhoff, when asked about new technologies at an industry conference last month, said the company monitors emerging technologies closely but hasnt seen major competitive threats.

First Solar has an inhouse effort that deals with assessment and evaluation of alternate material sets and technologies, Meyerhoff added.

The company has never publicly said it is doing research on CIGSbased solar panels.

Silicon Valley is home to many solar innovators that are looking to commercialize CIGSbased panels, including MiaSole, Nanosolar and Solyndra.

CIGS has caught the attention of researchers and companies as it has the potential to match the photovoltaic PV efficiency of crystalline silicon cells.

If you can do it, its probably the cheapest PV solution out there, said Travis Bradford, Director of Prometheus Institute for Sustainable Development.

Ascent Solar, a publicly traded CIGSbased solar company, has said it has achieved efficiency as high as 11.7 percent for its modules.

Sales of CIGS panels are tiny compared to First Solars sales of cadtel panels, or those made by large competitors Suntech Power Holdings and SunPower Corp, as falling silicon prices increase pressure on thin-film players as well.

The cost of building CIGS cells is expected to fall to 50 cents per watt in the coming years, signaling a potential breakthrough in solar costs for the industry, less than half the level of current silicon cells.

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