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Declaring that "deregulation in any form simply will not work," Orange County Sen. Joe Dunn said Tuesday that today he will unveil legislation to re-regulate California's electricity market.

Under Dunn's legislation, utilities would be forced to serve their electricity customers at the lowest reasonable cost, wholesale prices would be tied to production costs, and industrial customers couldn't go directly to energy wholesalers. Dunn's SB888 would formally scrap California's seven-year experiment with deregulation, in which competitive market forces boosted average wholesale prices tenfold during 2001. "I think this will serve as the death knell of deregulation," said Dunn, D-Santa Ana, who headed the Senate's two-year investigation into energy market practices. The bill stems from that investigation. Energy producers were critical. It would "undermine the stability and certainty necessary to repair California's energy market," said Jan Smutny-Jones of the Independent Energy Producers, a trade association and lobbying group. Dunn's bill: Requires the price of wholesale electricity -- the amount that utilities pay to purchase power for their customers -- be set by the cost of actually producing it, not by the prices that can be fetched in the open market. If such a provision were law now, the price would be $30 to $40 per megawatt hour, slightly below current costs. In early 2001, however, prices reached an average of $355 per megawatt hour. States that utilities' top priority is to serve their customers, and that the utilities' rates must be based on the cost of providing that service. Under the bill that deregulated energy, AB1890, the goal was to open markets to competition. Would phase out "direct access," by which large companies and manufacturers bypass utilities and buy low-cost power directly from generators. The state and the traditional utilities lost revenue when companies bought from these other generators. As much as 16 percent of California's electricity load was purchased through direct access in 1999-2000, but that figure dropped to 2 percent during the energy crisis. It has rebounded to 12 percent. Dunn's bill lets existing contracts run until they expire but bars new ones. The bill does not rebate to utilities the costs they incurred in shifting to deregulation, but it allows those costs to be built into rate requests to the state's Public Utilities Commission. Nor does it cover any losses suffered by companies that bought utilities' power plants at top dollar in hopes of realizing large profits during years of deregulation. "They did quite nicely, anyway," said PUC member Loretta Lynch. "These are the same people we're suing for manipulating the market." FERC Judge Rejects Avista Settlement of Calif Issues A Federal Energy Regulatory Commission judge on Wednesday said he could not accept the agency's proposed settlement with Avista Corp. because of a new investigative report detailing manipulation of the California power market. Curtis Wagner, the agency's chief administrative law judge, said he could not certify, or approve, the settlement as written. In an order, Wagner said he would give Spokane, Washington-based Avista and agency trial staff until May 15 to rewrite the settlement to deal with allegations that Avista acted as a middleman for Enron Corp. and its Portland General Electric utility to inflate prices of wholesale electricity during the western power crisis that began in mid-2000. "I think there are too many outstanding questions to certify the settlement. I think I would be derelict in my duty if I did," Wagner said during a hearing. He cited a FERC staff investigative report issued on March 26 that identified Avista as one of 37 companies and municipal utilities that may have skirted trading rules during the power crisis. The report urged FERC commissioners to issue "show cause" orders to the companies demanding that they justify their behavior or repay illegal profits. Avista has denied any wrongdoing. The firm said in a statement that it supported delaying certification of the settlement "so that there is no cloud hanging over a final resolution of the case." Wagner said he will decide on May 20 whether to accept the modified settlement, or to hold a new hearing to address allegations raised in the FERC staff report. Wagner also refused to drop an order that keeps evidence submitted by Avista secret. During a hearing before Wagner, lawyers for the city of Tacoma, Washington, claimed that alleged overcharges by Avista cost city ratepayers an extra $45 million. "They just want to string it out and see if they can shake the money tree," said Gary Bachman, a lawyer for Avista. Lawyers for FERC also urged the judge to approve the settlement so it could go before the agency's three commissioners for final approval. "We're not backing off the settlement. We haven't seen any indications that would alter our conclusions," FERC attorney Edith Gilmore told the judge. Proposed settlements reached between agency lawyers and companies are rarely rejected by FERC judges. The proposed settlement, reached by FERC lawyers with Avista, required the utility to continue recording conversations of its energy traders, to develop more documentation to resolve accounting disputes with counterparties, and to maintain a training program on FERC's code of conduct for traders. Gilmore said her staff examined far more Avista trading data and documents than did FERC investigators who prepared the report issued in late March about all energy companies involved in electricity and natural gas trading in California. "The final staff report didn't offer conclusions. It raised suspicions," Gilmore said. FERC lawyers reached an agreement last December to drop allegations against Avista, saying they found no evidence of illegal actions by the company. However, Wagner said a 418-page report on the California energy crisis issued by a separate group of FERC investigators indicated that Avista was involved in unfair trading schemes. The report said Avista was involved in the resale of ancillary services with a gain of about $11.8 million and that it received "counter-flow revenues" of nearly $100,000 from scheduling changes, according to Wagner. Wagner said he generally opposed settling allegations of wrongdoing. "If you rob a bank, how could a prosecutor settle with you that you didn't rob the bank of you did?" he asked. California, which has accused Enron and other power suppliers of over-charging the state by billions of dollars, said in February that the case against Avista should not be halted. The state complained that FERC lawyers failed to investigate the case fully and failed to review all of the Avista tape-recorded trades for 2000-01.

Dunn's SB888 would formally scrap California's seven-year experiment with deregulation, in which competitive market forces boosted average wholesale prices tenfold during 2001.

"I think this will serve as the death knell of deregulation," said Dunn, D-Santa Ana, who headed the Senate's two-year investigation into energy market practices.

The bill stems from that investigation.

Energy producers were critical.

It would "undermine the stability and certainty necessary to repair California's energy market," said Jan Smutny-Jones of the Independent Energy Producers, a trade association and lobbying group.

Dunn's bill: Requires the price of wholesale electricity -- the amount that utilities pay to purchase power for their customers -- be set by the cost of actually producing it, not by the prices that can be fetched in the open market. If such a provision were law now, the price would be $30 to $40 per megawatt hour, slightly below current costs. In early 2001, however, prices reached an average of $355 per megawatt hour.

States that utilities' top priority is to serve their customers, and that the utilities' rates must be based on the cost of providing that service.

Under the bill that deregulated energy, AB1890, the goal was to open markets to competition.

Would phase out "direct access," by which large companies and manufacturers bypass utilities and buy low-cost power directly from generators. The state and the traditional utilities lost revenue when companies bought from these other generators.

As much as 16 percent of California's electricity load was purchased through direct access in 1999-2000, but that figure dropped to 2 percent during the energy crisis. It has rebounded to 12 percent.

Dunn's bill lets existing contracts run until they expire but bars new ones.

The bill does not rebate to utilities the costs they incurred in shifting to deregulation, but it allows those costs to be built into rate requests to the state's Public Utilities Commission. Nor does it cover any losses suffered by companies that bought utilities' power plants at top dollar in hopes of realizing large profits during years of deregulation.

"They did quite nicely, anyway," said PUC member Loretta Lynch. "These are the same people we're suing for manipulating the market."

A Federal Energy Regulatory Commission judge on Wednesday said he could not accept the agency's proposed settlement with Avista Corp. because of a new investigative report detailing manipulation of the California power market. Curtis Wagner, the agency's chief administrative law judge, said he could not certify, or approve, the settlement as written.

In an order, Wagner said he would give Spokane, Washington-based Avista and agency trial staff until May 15 to rewrite the settlement to deal with allegations that Avista acted as a middleman for Enron Corp. and its Portland General Electric utility to inflate prices of wholesale electricity during the western power crisis that began in mid-2000.

"I think there are too many outstanding questions to certify the settlement. I think I would be derelict in my duty if I did," Wagner said during a hearing.

He cited a FERC staff investigative report issued on March 26 that identified Avista as one of 37 companies and municipal utilities that may have skirted trading rules during the power crisis. The report urged FERC commissioners to issue "show cause" orders to the companies demanding that they justify their behavior or repay illegal profits.

Avista has denied any wrongdoing. The firm said in a statement that it supported delaying certification of the settlement "so that there is no cloud hanging over a final resolution of the case."

Wagner said he will decide on May 20 whether to accept the modified settlement, or to hold a new hearing to address allegations raised in the FERC staff report.

Wagner also refused to drop an order that keeps evidence submitted by Avista secret.

During a hearing before Wagner, lawyers for the city of Tacoma, Washington, claimed that alleged overcharges by Avista cost city ratepayers an extra $45 million.

"They just want to string it out and see if they can shake the money tree," said Gary Bachman, a lawyer for Avista.

Lawyers for FERC also urged the judge to approve the settlement so it could go before the agency's three commissioners for final approval.

"We're not backing off the settlement. We haven't seen any indications that would alter our conclusions," FERC attorney Edith Gilmore told the judge.

Proposed settlements reached between agency lawyers and companies are rarely rejected by FERC judges.

The proposed settlement, reached by FERC lawyers with Avista, required the utility to continue recording conversations of its energy traders, to develop more documentation to resolve accounting disputes with counterparties, and to maintain a training program on FERC's code of conduct for traders.

Gilmore said her staff examined far more Avista trading data and documents than did FERC investigators who prepared the report issued in late March about all energy companies involved in electricity and natural gas trading in California.

"The final staff report didn't offer conclusions. It raised suspicions," Gilmore said.

FERC lawyers reached an agreement last December to drop allegations against Avista, saying they found no evidence of illegal actions by the company.

However, Wagner said a 418-page report on the California energy crisis issued by a separate group of FERC investigators indicated that Avista was involved in unfair trading schemes.

The report said Avista was involved in the resale of ancillary services with a gain of about $11.8 million and that it received "counter-flow revenues" of nearly $100,000 from scheduling changes, according to Wagner.

Wagner said he generally opposed settling allegations of wrongdoing. "If you rob a bank, how could a prosecutor settle with you that you didn't rob the bank of you did?" he asked.

California, which has accused Enron and other power suppliers of over-charging the state by billions of dollars, said in February that the case against Avista should not be halted. The state complained that FERC lawyers failed to investigate the case fully and failed to review all of the Avista tape-recorded trades for 2000-01.

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Blizzard and Extreme Cold Hit Calgary and Alberta

Calgary Winter Storm and Extreme Cold delivers heavy snowfall, ECCC warnings, blowing snow, icy roads, and dangerous wind chill across southern Alberta, as a low-pressure system and northerly inflow fuel hazardous travel and frostbite risks.

 

Key Points

A severe Alberta storm with heavy snow, strong winds, ECCC warnings, dangerous wind chill, and high frostbite risk.

✅ ECCC extends snowfall and winter storm warnings regionwide.

✅ Wind chill -28 to -47; frostbite possible within 5-30 minutes.

✅ AMA rescues surge; non-essential travel strongly discouraged.

 

Calgary and much of southern Alberta faced a significant winter storm that brought heavy snowfall, strong winds, and dangerously low temperatures. Environment and Climate Change Canada (ECCC) issued extended and expanded snowfall and winter storm warnings as persistent precipitation streamed along the southern borders. The combination of a low-pressure system off the West Coast, where a B.C. 'bomb cyclone' had left tens of thousands without power, and a northerly inflow at the surface led to significant snow accumulations in a short period.

The storm resulted in poor driving conditions across much of southern Alberta, with snow-packed and icy roads, as well as limited visibility due to blowing snow. ECCC advised postponing non-essential travel until conditions improved. As of 10 a.m. on January 17, the 511 Alberta map showed poor driving conditions throughout the region, while B.C. electricity demand hit an all-time high amid the cold.

In Calgary, the city recorded four centimeters of snow on January 16, with an additional four centimeters expected on January 17. Temperatures remained far below seasonal averages until the end of the week, and Calgary electricity use tends to surge during such cold snaps according to Enmax, with improvements starting on Sunday.

The extreme cold posed significant risks, with wind chills of -28 to -39 capable of causing frostbite in 10 to 30 minutes, as a Quebec power demand record illustrated during the deep freeze. When wind chills dropped to -40 to -47, frostbite could occur in as little as five to 10 minutes. Residents were advised to watch for signs of frostbite, including color changes on fingers and toes, pain, numbness, tingling sensations, or swelling. Those most at risk included young children, older adults, people with chronic illnesses, individuals working or exercising outdoors, and those without proper shelter.

In response to the severe weather, the Alberta Motor Association (AMA) experienced a surge in calls for roadside assistance. Between January 12 and 14, there were approximately 32,000 calls, with about 22,000 of those requiring rescues between January 12 and 14. The high volume of requests led the AMA to temporarily cease providing wait time updates on their website due to the inability to provide accurate information, while debates over Alberta electricity prices also intensified during the cold.

The storm also had broader implications across Canada. Heavy snow was expected to fall across wide swaths of southern British Columbia and parts of southern Alberta, as BC Hydro's winter payment plan offered billing relief to customers during the stretch. Northern Alberta was under extreme cold warnings, with temperatures expected to dip to -40°C through the rest of the week. Similar extreme cold was forecast for southern Ontario, with wind chill values reaching -30°C.

As the storm progressed, conditions began to improve. The wind warning for central Alberta ended by January 17, though a blowing snow advisory remained in effect for the southeast corner of the province. Northwest winds gusting up to 90 km/h combined with falling snow continued to cause poor visibility in some areas, while California power outages and landslides were reported amid concurrent severe storms along the coast. Conditions were expected to improve by mid-morning.

In the aftermath of the storm, residents were reminded of the importance of preparedness and caution during severe winter weather. Staying informed through official weather advisories, adjusting travel plans, and taking necessary precautions can help mitigate the risks associated with such extreme conditions.

 

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Renewable energy now cheapest option for new electricity in most of the world: Report

Renewable Energy Cost Trends highlight IRENA data showing solar and wind undercut coal, as utility-scale projects drive lower levelized electricity costs worldwide, with the Middle East and UAE advancing mega solar parks.

 

Key Points

They track how solar and wind undercut new fossil fuels as utility-scale costs drop and investment accelerates.

✅ IRENA reports renewables cheapest for new installations

✅ Solar and wind LCOE fell sharply since 2010

✅ Middle East and UAE scale mega utility projects

 

Renewable energy is now the cheapest option for new electricity installation in most of the world, a report from the International Renewable Energy Agency (IRENA) on Tuesday said.

Renewable power projects have undercut traditional coal fuel plants, with solar and wind power costs in particular falling as record-breaking growth continues worldwide.

“Installing new renewables increasingly costs less than the cheapest fossil fuels. With or without the health and economic crisis, dirty coal plants were overdue to be consigned to the past, said Francesco La Camera, director-general of IRENA said in the report.

In 2019, renewables accounted for around 72 percent of all new capacity added worldwide, IRENA said, following a 2016 record year that highlighted the momentum, with lowering costs and technological improvements in solar and wind power helping this dynamic. For solar energy, IRENA notes that the cost for electricity from utility-scale plants fell by 82 percent in the decade between 2010 and 2019, as China's solar PV growth underscored in 2016.

“More than half of the renewable capacity added in 2019 achieved lower electricity costs than new coal, while new solar and wind projects are also undercutting the cheapest and least sustainable of existing coal-fired plants,” Camera added.

Costs for solar and wind power also fell year-on-year by 13 and 9 percent, respectively, with offshore wind costs showing steep declines as well. In 2019, more than half of all newly commissioned utility-scale renewable power plants provided electricity cheaper than the lowest cost of a new fossil fuel plant.

The Middle East

In mid-May, a report by UK-based law firm Ashurst suggested the Middle East is the second most popular region for renewable energy investment after North America, at a time when clean energy investment is outpacing fossil fuels.

The region is home to some of the largest renewable energy bets in the world, with Saudi wind expansion gathering pace. The UAE, for instance, is currently developing the Mohammed Bin Rashid Solar Park, the world’s largest concentrated solar power project in the world.

Around 26 percent of Middle East respondents in Ashurst’s survey said that they were presently investing in energy transition, marking the region as the most popular for current investment in renewables, while 11 percent added that they were considering investing.

In North America, the most popular region, 28 percent said that they were currently investing, with 11 percent stating they are considering investing.

 

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Why an energy crisis and $5 gas aren't spurring a green revolution

U.S. Energy Transition Delays stem from grid bottlenecks, permitting red tape, solar tariff uncertainty, supply-chain shocks, and scarce affordable EVs, risking deeper fossil fuel lock-in despite climate targets for renewables, transmission expansion, and decarbonization.

 

Key Points

Delays driven by grid limits, permitting, and supply shocks that slow renewables, transmission, EVs, and decarbonization.

✅ Grid interconnection and transmission backlogs stall renewables

✅ Tariff probes and supply chains disrupt utility-scale solar

✅ Permitting, policy gaps, and EV costs sustain fossil fuel use

 

Big solar projects are facing major delays. Plans to adapt the grid to clean energy are confronting mountains of red tape. Affordable electric vehicles are in short supply.

The United States is struggling to squeeze opportunity out of an energy crisis that should have been a catalyst for cleaner, domestically produced power. After decades of putting the climate on the back burner, the country is finding itself unprepared to seize the moment and at risk of emerging from the crisis even more reliant on fossil fuels.

10 steps you can take to lower your carbon footprint
The problem is not entirely unique to the United States. Across the globe, climate leaders are warning that energy shortages including coal and nuclear disruptions prompted by Russia’s unprovoked invasion of Ukraine and high gas prices driven by inflation threaten to make the energy transition an afterthought — potentially thwarting efforts to keep global temperature rise under 1.5 degrees Celsius.

“The energy crisis exacerbated by the war in Ukraine has seen a perilous doubling down on fossil fuels by the major economies,” U.N. Secretary General António Guterres said at a conference in Vienna on Tuesday, according to prepared remarks. He warned governments and investors that a failure to immediately and more aggressively embrace clean energy could be disastrous for the planet.

U.S. climate envoy John F. Kerry suggested that nations are falling prey to a flawed logic that fossil fuels will help them weather this period of instability, undermining U.S. national security and climate goals, which has seen gas prices climb to a record-high national average of $5 per gallon. “You have this new revisionism suggesting that we have to be pumping oil like crazy, and we have to be moving into long-term [fossil fuel] infrastructure building,” he said at the Time100 Summit in New York this month. “We have to push back.”

Climate envoy John F. Kerry attends the Summit of the Americas in Los Angeles on June 8. Kerry has criticized the tendency to turn toward fossil fuels in times of uncertainty. (Apu Gomes/AFP/Getty Images)
In the United States — the world’s second-largest emitter of greenhouse gases after China — the hurdles go beyond the supply-chain crisis and sanctions linked to the war in Ukraine. The country’s lofty goals for all carbon pollution to be gone from the electricity sector by 2035 and for half the cars sold to be electric by 2030 are jeopardized by years of neglect of the electrical grid, regulatory hurdles that have set projects back years, and failures by Congress and policymakers to plan ahead.
The challenges are further compounded by plans to build costly new infrastructure for drilling and exporting natural gas that will make it even harder to transition away from the fossil fuel.

“We are running into structural challenges preventing consumers and businesses from going cleaner, even at this time of high oil and gas prices,” said Paul Bledsoe, a climate adviser in the Clinton administration who now works on strategy at the Progressive Policy Institute, a center-left think tank. “It is a little alarming that even now, Congress is barely talking about clean energy.”

Consumers are eager for more wind and solar. Companies looking to go carbon-neutral are facing growing waitlists for access to green energy, and a Pew Research Center poll in late January found that two-thirds of Americans want the United States to prioritize alternative energy over fossil fuel production.

But lawmakers have balked for more than a decade at making most of the fundamental economic and policy changes such as a clean electricity standard that experts widely agree are crucial to an orderly and accelerated energy transition. The United States does not have a tax on carbon, nor a national cap-and-trade program that would reorient markets toward lowering emissions. The unraveling in Congress of President Biden’s $1.75 trillion Build Back Better plan has added to the head winds that green-energy developers face, even as climate law results remain mixed.

Vice President Harris tours electric school buses at Meridian High School in Falls Church, Va., on May 20. (Mandel Ngan/AFP/Getty Images)
“There is literally nothing pushing this forward in the U.S. beyond the tax code and some state laws,” said Heather Zichal, a former White House climate adviser who is now the chief executive of the American Clean Power Association.

The effects of the U.S. government’s halting approach are being felt by solar-panel installers, who saw the number of projects in the most recent quarter fall to the lowest level since the pandemic began. There was 24 percent less solar installed in the first quarter of 2022 than in the same quarter of 2021.

The holdup largely stems from a Commerce Department investigation into alleged tariff-dodging by Chinese manufacturers. Faced with the potential for steep retroactive penalties, hundreds of industrial-scale solar projects were frozen in early April. Weak federal policies to encourage investment in solar manufacturing left American companies ill-equipped to fill the void.

“We shut down multiple projects and had to lay off dozens of people,” said George Hershman, chief executive of SOLV Energy, which specializes in large solar installations. SOLV, like dozens of other solar companies, is now scrambling to reassemble those projects after the administration announced a pause of the tariffs.

Meanwhile, adding clean electricity to the aging power grid has become an increasingly complicated undertaking, given the failure to plan for adequate transmission lines and long delays connecting viable wind and solar projects to the electricity network.

 

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Tariffs on Chinese Electric Vehicles

Canada EV Tariffs weigh protectionism, import duties, and trade policy against affordable electric vehicles, climate goals, and consumer costs, balancing domestic manufacturing, critical minerals, battery supply chains, and China relations amid US-EU actions.

 

Key Points

Canada EV Tariffs are proposed duties on Chinese EV imports to protect jobs vs. prices, climate goals, and trade risks.

✅ Shield domestic automakers; counter subsidies

✅ Raise EV prices; slow adoption, climate targets

✅ Spark China retaliation; hit exports, supply chains

 

Canada, a rising star in critical EV battery minerals, finds itself at a crossroads. The question: should they follow the US and EU and impose tariffs on Chinese electric vehicles (EVs), after the U.S. 100% tariff on Chinese EVs set a precedent?

The Allure of Protectionism

Proponents see tariffs as a shield for Canada's auto industry, supported by recent EV assembly deals that put Canada in the race, a vital job creator. They argue that cheaper Chinese EVs, potentially boosted by government subsidies, threaten Canadian manufacturers. Tariffs, they believe, would level the playing field.

Consumer Concerns and Environmental Impact

Opponents fear tariffs will translate to higher prices, deterring Canadians from buying EVs, especially amid EV shortages and wait times already affecting the market. This could slow down Canada's transition to cleaner transportation, crucial for meeting climate goals. A slower EV adoption could also impact Canada's potential as an EV leader.

The Looming Trade War Shadow

Tariffs risk escalating tensions with China, Canada's second-largest trading partner. China might retaliate with tariffs on Canadian exports, jeopardizing sectors like oil and lumber. This could harm the Canadian economy and disrupt critical mineral and battery development, areas where Canada is strategically positioned, even as opportunities to capitalize on the U.S. EV pivot continue to emerge across North America.

Navigating a Charged Path

The Canadian government faces a complex decision. Protecting domestic jobs is important, but so is keeping EVs affordable for a greener future and advancing EV sales regulations that shape the market. Canada must carefully consider the potential benefits of tariffs against the risks of higher consumer costs and a potential trade war.

This path forward could involve exploring alternative solutions. Canada could invest in its domestic EV industry, providing incentives for both consumers and manufacturers. Additionally, collaborating with other countries, including Canada-U.S. collaboration as companies turn to EVs, to address China's alleged unfair trade practices might be a more strategic approach.

Canada's decision on EV tariffs will have far-reaching consequences. Striking a balance between protecting its domestic industry and fostering a robust, environmentally friendly transportation sector, and meeting ambitious EV goals set by policymakers, is crucial. Only time will tell which path Canada chooses, but the stakes are high, impacting not just jobs, but also the environment and Canada's position in the global EV race.

 

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Sub-Saharan Africa has a huge electricity problem - but with challenge comes opportunity

Sub-Saharan Africa Energy Access faces critical deficits; SDG7, clean energy finance, off-grid solar, and microgrids drive electrification for health, education, and economy amid World Bank and IEA efforts to expand reliable, affordable power.

 

Key Points

Reliable, affordable power in sub-Saharan Africa via renewables, off-grid solar, and SDG7-led electrification.

✅ SDG7 targets universal, modern energy access by 2030

✅ Off-grid solar and microgrids boost rural electrification

✅ Health, education, and business depend on reliable power

 

Sub-Saharan Africa has an electricity problem. While the world as a whole has made great strides when it comes to providing access to electricity and moving toward universal electricity access worldwide (the world average is now 90 per cent with access, up from 83 per cent in 2010), southern and western African states still lag far behind.

According to Tracking SDG7: The Energy Progress Report, produced by a consortium of organisations including the World Bank, the International Energy Agency and the World Health Organization, 759 million people were without electricity in 2019 and threequarters of them were based in sub-Saharan Africa. At just seven per cent, South Sudan had the lowest access figures; Chad, Burundi and Malawi were only marginally higher. What’s more, due to a combination of factors, the situation is getting worse. In total, the region’s access deficit increased from 556 million people in 2010 to 570 million people in 2019.

These days, being without electricity has an impact on every sphere of life. The Covid-19 pandemic only served to put this into sharper relief. Intermittent electricity meant vaccination doses that rely on cold storage were impossible to deliver and, as more than 70 per cent of the health facilities in sub-Saharan Africa have no access to reliable electricity, the problem was vast. But even without a global pandemic, having no power stymies opportunity in every field, from education to economics.

French photojournalist Pascal Maitre, who has spent much of his career writing about sub-Saharan Africa, wanted to document the problems faced by people in areas with no electricity. He thought particularly carefully about the location for his project. ‘First, I was thinking I could take images in the Democratic Republic of the Congo,’ he says. ‘But then I thought that if you chose a place that has war, it’s logical that electricity won’t really work. So, instead, I wanted to find a place that is quite stable. I decided to go to Benin, where they have a democracy. It is a good example of a country that’s not in really bad shape but where they still have this problem. Also, I didn’t want to go to a place that is very remote, where it is normal not to have good service. So I decided to go to a place around 50 kilometres from the capital that you can get to by road.’

Maitre visited several villages in the region, as well as making trips to Chad and Senegal, and encountered the full range of limitations engendered by the power shortage. From teachers struggling to conduct lessons in the dark to midwives forced to work with only the weak light from a phone, the situation was clearly unacceptable. ‘People were very, very, very upset,’ he says. ‘I conducted a lot of interviews in different villages and lack of electricity touches education, economy, business, security and also emigration, because people have to move to big cities or maybe to Europe to get jobs.’

Where once the situation might have been accepted as the norm, people today are fully aware of the ways in which they are held back by the lack of power. As Maitre remembers: ‘A guy said to me one day, “Do you think it is normal that last time my wife delivered a baby, the midwife had to hold her phone between her teeth in order to see what she was doing?” You feel very frustrated.’ He adds that the fact that most people now have mobile phones only highlights the hardship. ‘Before, maybe it was not so frustrating. But now, most of these people have cellphones. The cellphone company puts antennae everywhere so the phones work, but people cannot recharge their phones. They have to go to the market, where someone will come with a generator to recharge.’

Governments and global organisations are very aware of the problem across the world as a whole. Sustainable Development Goal 7 (SDG7) – one of the 17 goals set out in 2015 by the United Nations General Assembly – was designed to ensure universal access to affordable, reliable, sustainable and modern energy by 2030, underscoring the push for clean, affordable and sustainable electricity for all by 2030. As part of this goal, international financial flows to developing countries in support of clean energy reached US$17 billion in 2018. As a result, some areas have seen huge improvement. According to the Energy Progress Report, in Latin America and the Caribbean, and in Eastern and South-Eastern Asia, the advance of electrification has been enough to approach universal access. By 2019, in Western Asia and North Africa, and Central and South Asia, 94 and 95 per cent of the population respectively had access to electricity.

But these statistics only serve to emphasise just how bad the situation is in sub-Saharan Africa, where electricity systems are unlikely to go green this decade according to several analyses. As the report states: ‘While renewable energy has demonstrated remarkable resilience during the pandemic, the unfortunate fact is that gains in energy access throughout Africa are being reversed: the number of people lacking access to electricity is set to increase in 2020, making basic electricity services unaffordable for up to 30 million people who had previously enjoyed access.’

The small silver lining is that if the situation is dealt with properly, the region could build a renewable-energy system from the ground up, rather than having to undergo the costly and complex transitions underway in developed countries. In rural areas, small-scale or off-grid renewable systems (mostly solar) are expected to play an important role, as highlighted by a recent IRENA report on decarbonisation, in increasing access. In fact, solar panels are already used in many areas. In 2019, 105 million people had access to off-grid solar solutions, up from 85 million in 2016, and almost half lived in sub-Saharan Africa, with 17 million in Kenya and eight million in Ethiopia.

Rachel Kyte is currently serving as the 14th dean of the Fletcher School at Tufts University in the USA, but her CV is long. She was previously CEO of the UN-affiliated Sustainable Energy for All (SeforALL), as well as the World Bank Group vice president and special envoy for climate change, leading the run-up to the Paris Agreement. According to her, a focus on renewables is absolutely essential, both for wider efforts to tackle climate change, with some advocating a fossil fuel lockdown to drive a climate revolution, but also for the people of sub-Saharan Africa. ‘The fossil fuel industry has said it will just extend the centralised fossil-fuel power systems that we have today to reach these people,’ she says.

 

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Electrifying: New cement makes concrete generate electricity

Cement-Based Conductive Composite transforms concrete into power by energy harvesting via triboelectric nanogenerator action, carbon fibers, and built-in capacitors, enabling net-zero buildings and self-sensing structural health monitoring from footsteps, wind, rain, and waves.

 

Key Points

A carbon fiber cement that harvests and stores energy as electricity, enabling net-zero, self-sensing concrete.

✅ Uses carbon fibers to create a conductive concrete matrix

✅ Acts as a triboelectric nanogenerator and capacitor

✅ Enables net-zero, self-sensing structural health monitoring

 

Engineers from South Korea have invented a cement-based composite that can be used in concrete to make structures that generate and store electricity through exposure to external mechanical energy sources like footsteps, wind, rain and waves, and even self-powering roads concepts.

By turning structures into power sources, the cement will crack the problem of the built environment consuming 40% of the world’s energy, complementing vehicle-to-building energy strategies across the sector, they believe.

Building users need not worry about getting electrocuted. Tests showed that a 1% volume of conductive carbon fibres in a cement mixture was enough to give the cement the desired electrical properties without compromising structural performance, complementing grid-scale vanadium flow batteries in the broader storage landscape, and the current generated was far lower than the maximum allowable level for the human body.

Researchers in mechanical and civil engineering from from Incheon National University, Kyung Hee University and Korea University developed a cement-based conductive composite (CBC) with carbon fibres that can also act as a triboelectric nanogenerator (TENG), a type of mechanical energy harvester.

They designed a lab-scale structure and a CBC-based capacitor using the developed material to test its energy harvesting and storage capabilities, similar in ambition to gravity storage approaches being scaled.

“We wanted to develop a structural energy material that could be used to build net-zero energy structures that use and produce their own electricity,” said Seung-Jung Lee, a professor in Incheon National University’s Department of Civil and Environmental Engineering, noting parallels with low-income housing microgrids in urban settings.

“Since cement is an indispensable construction material, we decided to use it with conductive fillers as the core conductive element for our CBC-TENG system,” he added.

The results of their research were published this month in the journal Nano Energy.

Apart from energy storage and harvesting, the material could also be used to design self-sensing systems that monitor the structural health and predict the remaining service life of concrete structures without any external power, which is valuable in industrial settings where hydrogen-powered port equipment is being deployed.

“Our ultimate goal was to develop materials that made the lives of people better and did not need any extra energy to save the planet. And we expect that the findings from this study can be used to expand the applicability of CBC as an all-in-one energy material for net-zero energy structures,” said Prof. Lee, pointing to emerging circular battery recycling pathways for net-zero supply chains.

Publicising the research, Incheon National University quipped: “Seems like a jolting start to a brighter and greener tomorrow!”

 

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